The Chapters on Pawning

It was narrated from 'Aisha that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) bought some food from a Jew with payment to be made later, and he pawned his armor for that.

It was narrated that Anas said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) pawned his armor to a jew in Al-Madinah, and took barely for his family in return.”

It was narrated from Asma' bin Yazid that: the Prophet (ﷺ) died while his armor was pawned to a Jew for food.

It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas that: the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) died while his armor was pawned to a Jew for thirty Sa’s of barley.' ”

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “A mount may be ridden when it is pawned, and its milk may be drunk when it is pawned, but the one who rides it or milks it must pay for its upkeep.' ”

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Do not forfeit items held in pledge.”

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: (Allah (SWT) says:) “I am the opponent of three on the Day of Resurrection, and if I am someone's opponent I will defeat him: A man who makes promises in My Name, then proves treacherous; a man who sells a free man and consumes his price; and a man who hires a worker, makes use to him, then does not give him his wages.”

It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Give the worker his wages before his sweat dries.”

It was narrated that 'Ali bin Rabah said: “I heard 'Utbah bin Nuddar say: 'We were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he recited Ta-Sin. When he reached the story of Musa, he said: 'Musa (A.S) hired himself out for eight years, or ten, in return for his chastity and food in his stomach.' ”

Salim bin Hayyan said: I heard Abu Hurairah say: “I grew up an orphan, and I emigrated as a poor man, and I was hired by the daughter of Ghazwan in return for food and a turn riding the camel. I would gather firewood for them when they stopped to camp and urge their camels along for them by singing when they rode. Praise is to Allah (SWT) who has caused His religion to prevail and has made Abu Hurairah an Imam.”

It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said: “The Prophet (ﷺ) was in need of food, and news of that reached 'Ali. He went out seeking work so that he could earn something to give to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He came to a garden belonging to a Jewish man, and he drew seventeen buckets of water for him, each bucket for a date. The Jew gave him the option to take seventeen of his 'Ajwah dates (a high quality of dates) and he brought them to the Prophet of Allah (ﷺ).”

It was narrated that 'Ali said: “I used to draw water, one bucket for a date, and I stipulated that they should be good quality, dried dates.”

It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said: “A man from among the Ansar Came and said: 'O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), why do I see that your color has changed?' He said: 'Hunger.' So the Ansari went to his dwelling, but he did not find anything in his dwelling, so he went out looking, and he found a Jew watering his date-palm trees. The Ansari stipulated that he would not take any dates that were black (rotten), hard and dried out or inferior, and he would only take good quality dates. He earned nearly two Sa's (of dates), and he brought it to the Prophet (ﷺ).”

It was narrated that Rafi 'bin Khadji said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade Muhaqalah and Muzabanah, and said: 'Only three may cultivate: A man who has land which he cultivates a man who was given some land and cultivates what he was given; and a man who takes land on lease for gold or silver.' ”

It was narrated that 'Amr bin Dinar said: “I heard Ibn 'Umar say: 'We used to lend land for cultivation in return for a share of the harvest, and we did not see anything wrong with that, until we heard Rafi' bin Khadij say: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade it.” Then we stopped because of what he said.' ”

'Ata' said: “I heard Jabir bin 'Abdullah say: Some men among us had extra land which they would rent out for one third or one quarter (of the crop). The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Whoever has extra land, let him cultivate it (himself) or let him give it to his brother (for free, to cultivate it), and if he does not want to do that, let him keep his land.”

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever has land, let him cultivate it (himself) or let him give it to his brother (for free, to cultivate it), and if he does not want to do that, let him keep his land.”

It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that: he used to lease out some land that belonged to him, for cultivation. Then someone came to him and told him that Rafi' bin Khadij said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had forbidden leasing out land for cultivation. Ibn 'Umar went, and I went with him, until he met him in Balat, and asked him about that, and he told him that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had forbidden leasing out land for cultivation. So 'Abdullah stopped lessening out land.

It was narrated that Jabir bin 'Abdullah said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) addressed us and said: 'Whoever has land, let him cultivate it or allow someone else to cultivate it, and not rent it out.' ”

It was narrated from Abu Sufyan, the freed slave of Ibn Abu Ahmad, that he told him that he heard Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri say: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade Muhaqlah.” (Sahih)Muhaqlah means leasing out land

It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas that he heard that people were leasing out land more. He said: “Subhan-Allah, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Why does not one of you lend it to his brother?' But he did not forbid leasing it out.' ”

It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “If one of you were to lend his brother his land, it would be better for him than taking such and such rent for it.”

It was narrated that Hazalah bin Qais said: “I asked Rafi' bin Khadij and he said: 'We used to lease out land on the basis that you would have what is produced by this piece of land, and I would have what is produced by this (other) piece of land, and we were forbidden to lease it out on the basis of crop-sharing but he did not forbid us to rent out land for silver.”

Rafi'bin Khadi'j narrated that his paternal uncle Zuhair said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade us from doing something that was convenient for us.” I said: “What the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said is true.” He said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “What do you with your farms?” We said: “We rent them out for one third or one quarter of their yield, and a certain amount of wheat and barley.” He said: “Do not do that; cultivate them or let others cultivate them.”

It was narrated from Usaid bin Zuhair, the paternal nephew of Rafi' bin Khdij, that Rafi' bin Khadij said: “If one of us did not need his land, he would give it (to someone else to cultivate) in return for one third, or one half of the yield , and he would stipulate (that the should receive) the produce grows on the banks of three streams, and the grains that remain in the ear after threshing, and the produce irrigated by a stream. Life at that time was hard, and he would work (the land) with iron and whatever Allah (SWT) willed, and he would benefit from it. Then Rafi bin Khadij came to us and said: ‘The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade you to do something that may seem beneficial to you, but obedience to Allah and obedience to His Messenger are more beneficial for you. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade Haq for you, and he said: “Whoever has no need of his land, let him give it to his brother (to cultivate) or let him leave it (uncultivated).”

Zaid bin Thabit said: “May Allah (SWT) forgive Rafi' bin Khadij. By Allah (SWT)! I have more knowledge of Ahadith than he does. Two men who had quarreled came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said: 'If this is your situation, do not lease farms,' and what Rafi' bin khadij heard was 'Do not lease farms.' ”

It was narrated that 'Amr bin Dinar said: I said to Tawus: “O Abu 'Abdur-Rahman, why do you not give up this Mukhabarah because they claim that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade it.” He said: “O 'Amr, I help them by taking their land and cultivating it, and giving them something in return, and Mu`adh bin Jabal allowed people here to do that. The most knowledgeable of them - meaning Ibn`Abbas - told me that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not forbid it, rather he said: 'For one you to give (land) to his brother is better than if he were to take a set amount in rent for it.'”

It was narrated from Tawus that : Mu`adh bin Jabl leased some land during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), Abu Bakr, 'Umar and 'Uthmah, in return for one third or one fourth (of the yield), and he was still doing that until this day of yours.

It was narrated from Tawus that Ibn`Abbas told that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) merely said: “For one of you to give (land) to his brother is better for him than if he were to take a set amount in rent for it.”

It was narrated that Rafi` bin khadij said: We used to give land in return for food at the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and some of my paternal uncles came to them and said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever has land, he should not rent it out for a set amount of food.”

It was narrated that Rafi` bin Khadij said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever cultivates people`s land without their permission, he has no right to any produce, but he should be recompensed for his expenditure.' ”

It was narrated from Ibn `Umar that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) entered into a contract with the people of Khaibar for one half of the fruits or crops yielded.

It was narrated that Anas bin Malik said: “When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave Khaibar to its people in return of its palm trees and land.

It was narrated that Anas bin Malik said: “When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) conquered Khaibar, he gave it (to its people) in return for half (of its yield).”

It was narrated from Simak that the heard Musa bin Talhah bin `Ubaidullah narrating that his father said: “I passed by some palm trees with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he saw some people pollinating the trees. He said: 'What are these people doing?' They said: 'They are taking something from the male part (of the plant) and putting it in the female part.' He said: 'I do not think that this will do any good.' News of that reached them, so they stopped doing it, and their yield declined. News of that reached the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said: 'That was only my thought. If it will do any good, then do it. I am only a human being like you, and what I think may be right or wrong. But When I tell you: “Allah (SWT) says,” I will never tell lies about Allah (SWT).' ”

It was narrated from 'Aisha that the Prophet (ﷺ) heard some sounds and said: “What is this noise?” They said: “Palm trees that are being pollinated.” He said: “If they did not do that it would be better.” So they did not pollinate them that year, and the dates did not mature properly. they mentioned that to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said: “If it is one of the matters of your religion, then refer to me.”

It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The Muslims are partners in three things: water, pasture and fire, and their price is unlawful.”

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Three things cannot be denied to anyone: water, pasture and fire.”

It was narrated that 'Aishah said: “O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), what are the things which are not permissible to withhold?” He said: “Water, salt and fire.” She said: “I said: 'O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), we know what water is, but what about salt and fire?” He said: “O Humaira', whoever gives fire (to another), it is as if he has given in charity all the food that is cooked on that fire. And whoever gives salt, it is as if he has given in charity all that the salt makes good. And whoever gives a Muslim water to drink when water is available, it is as if he freed a slave; and whoever gives a Muslim water to drink when there is no water available, it is as if he brought him back to life.”

It was narrated from Abyad bin Hammal: That he asked for a salt flat called the Ma'rib Dam to be given to him, and it was given to him. Then Aqra bin Habis At-Tamimi came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said: “O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), I used to come to the salt flat during the Ignorance period and it was in a land in which there was no water, and whoever came to it took from it. It was (plentiful) like flowing water.” So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) asked Abyad bin Hammal to give back his share of the salt flat. He said: “I give it to you on the basis that you make it charity given by me.” The Messenger of Allah said: “It is a charity from you, and it is like flowing water, whoever comes to it may take from it.”(One of the narrators) Faraj said: “That is how it is today, whoever comes to it takes from it.” He said: “The Prophet (ﷺ) gave him land and palm trees in Jurf Murad instead, when he took back the salt flat from him.”

It was narrated that Abu Minhal said: “I heard Iyas bin 'Abd Muzani say - when he saw people selling water: 'Do not sell water, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbidding selling of water.' ”

It was narrated that Jabir said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade selling surplus water.”

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “No one of you should withhold surplus water from common pastureland.”

It was narrated from Aishah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Surplus water should not be withheld, and neither should surplus water from a well.

It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin Zubair that : a man from among the Ansar had a dispute with Zubair in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) concerning the streams of the Harrah with which he irrigated his palm trees. The Ansari said: “Let the water flow,” but he refused. So they referred their dispute to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Irrigate (your trees) O Zubair, then let the water flow to your neighbor.” The Ansari became angry and said: “O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), is it because he is your cousin (son of your paternal aunt)?” The expression of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) changed, then he said: “O Zubair, irrigate (your trees) then retain the water until it reaches the walls.” Zubair said: “I think this Verse was revealed concerning that: “But no, by your Lord, they make you (O Muhammad) judge in all disputes between them, and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions, and accept (them) with full submission [1].'” (Sahih) [1] An-Nisa 4.65

It was narrated that Tha'labah bin Abu Malik said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled concerning the stream of Mahzur that the higher ground took precedence over the lower, so the higher ground should be irrigated until the water reached the ankles, then it should be released to those who were lower.

It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu`aib, from his father, from his grandfather, that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled concerning the stream of Mahzur that the water should be retained until it reached the ankles, then released.

It was narrated from 'Ubadah bin Samit that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled concerning the irrigation of palm trees from streams, that the higher ground should be irrigated before the lower, and that the water should be allowed to reach the ankles, then released to flow the nearest lower ground, and so on, until all the fields were watered or until the water ran out.

It was narrated from Kathir bin 'Abdullah bin 'Amr bin 'Awf Al-Muzani, from his father, that his grandfather said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Start with the horses on the day that you bring (the animals to drink).' ”

It was narrated from Ibn `Abbas that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Every division that was allocated according to (the rules of) the Ignorance days, stands as it is, and every division that was allocated according to (the rules of) Islam, stands according to the rules of Islam.”

It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin Mughaffal that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Whoever digs a well, is entitled to forty forearms' length surrounding it is as a resting place for his flocks.”

It was narrated from Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The land around a well (that is considered to be part of it) is the length of the well rope (in all directions).”

It was narrated from 'Ubadah bin Samit that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled concerning one, two or three date palms belonging to a man among other palm trees - when they differ concerning entitlement to the surrounding land. He ruled that the land around each of those trees, as far as their leaves reach, measured from the bottom of the tree, belongs to the owner of the tree.

It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah Said: “The land around a date-palm tree, as far as its branches reach, belongs to the owner of the tree.”

It was narrated that Sa'eed bin Huraith said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever sells a house or property and does not use the money for something similar, deserves not to be blessed therein.' ”

Another chain narrates a hadith similar to the previous one.

It was narrated from Hudhaifah bin Yaman that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Whoever sells a house and does not use the money for something similar, will not to be blessed therein.' ”