Revealed on the journey back to Madinah after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, Surah Al-Fath (The Victory) declares this apparent diplomatic compromise as a manifest and historic victory for the Muslims. It praises the companions who pledged their allegiance to the Prophet under the tree, stating that the hand of God was over their hands. The chapter detail the divine tranquility (*Sakinah*) sent down into the hearts of the believers to strengthen their faith. It concludes by describing the companions of the Prophet as firm against rejecters, compassionate among themselves, and growing like a strong crop, predicting the ultimate global spread of Islam.
Transliteration
Inna fatahna laka fathan mubeenan
Translation
We have granted you a conspicuous victory
Revealed on the return journey from the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (6 AH). While some companions were emotionally disheartened because Muslims agreed not to enter Mecca that year, the Prophet ﷺ declared this treaty a 'Manifest Victory' (Fathan Mubina). The ensuing peace allowed widespread peaceful communication, resulting in more people embracing Islam in the next two years than in the previous eighteen years combined.
Transliteration
Liyaghfira laka Allahu ma taqaddama min thanbika wama taakhkhara wayutimma niAAmatahu AAalayka wayahdiyaka siratan mustaqeeman
Translation
That God may forgive you your sin, past and to come, and complete His favors upon you, and guide you in a straight path
Transliteration
Wayansuraka Allahu nasran AAazeezan
Translation
And help you with an unwavering support
Transliteration
Huwa allathee anzala alssakeenata fee quloobi almumineena liyazdadoo eemanan maAAa eemanihim walillahi junoodu alssamawati waalardi wakana Allahu AAaleeman hakeeman
Translation
It is He who sent down tranquility into the hearts of the believers, to add faith to their faith. To God belong the forces of the heavens and the earth. God is Knowing and Wise
Describes the divine tranquility ('As-Sakinah') sent down upon the fourteen hundred companions gathered at Hudaybiyyah, calming their intense emotional anxiety and replacing distress with steadfast trust in God's wisdom.
Transliteration
Liyudkhila almumineena waalmuminati jannatin tajree min tahtiha alanharu khalideena feeha wayukaffira AAanhum sayyiatihim wakana thalika AAinda Allahi fawzan AAatheeman
Translation
He will admit the believers, male and female, into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, to abide therein forever, and He will remit their sins. That, with God, is a great triumph
Transliteration
WayuAAaththiba almunafiqeena waalmunafiqati waalmushrikeena waalmushrikati alththanneena biAllahi thanna alssawi AAalayhim dairatu alssawi waghadiba Allahu AAalayhim walaAAanahum waaAAadda lahum jahannama wasaat maseeran
Translation
And He will punish the hypocrites, male and female, and the idolaters, male and female, those who harbor evil thoughts about God. They are surrounded by evil; and God is angry with them, and has cursed them, and has prepared for them Hell—a miserable destination
Transliteration
Walillahi junoodu alssamawati waalardi wakana Allahu AAazeezan hakeeman
Translation
To God belong the troops of the heavens and the earth. God is Mighty and Wise
Transliteration
Inna arsalnaka shahidan wamubashshiran wanatheeran
Translation
We sent you as a witness, and a bearer of good news, and a warner
Transliteration
Lituminoo biAllahi warasoolihi watuAAazziroohu watuwaqqiroohu watusabbihoohu bukratan waaseelan
Translation
That you may believe in God and His Messenger, and support Him, and honor Him, and praise Him morning and evening
Transliteration
Inna allatheena yubayiAAoonaka innama yubayiAAoona Allaha yadu Allahi fawqa aydeehim faman nakatha fainnama yankuthu AAala nafsihi waman awfa bima AAahada AAalayhu Allaha fasayuteehi ajran AAatheeman
Translation
Those who pledge allegiance to you are pledging allegiance to God. The hand of God is over their hands. Whoever breaks his pledge breaks it to his own loss. And whoever fulfills his covenant with God, He will grant him a great reward
Refers to the historic 'Pledge of the Tree' ('Bay'at ar-Ridwan'): when false rumors circulated that the Muslim diplomat Uthman ibn Affan had been murdered inside Mecca, all fourteen hundred companions stepped forward under an acacia tree to take a solemn blood oath with the Prophet ﷺ to defend justice to the last man.
Transliteration
Sayaqoolu laka almukhallafoona mina alaAArabi shaghalatna amwaluna waahloona faistaghfir lana yaqooloona bialsinatihim ma laysa fee quloobihim qul faman yamliku lakum mina Allahi shayan in arada bikum darran aw arada bikum nafAAan bal kana Allahu bima taAAmaloona khabeeran
Translation
The Desert-Arabs who remained behind will say to you, “Our belongings and our families have preoccupied us, so ask forgiveness for us.” They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say, “Who can avail you anything against God, if He desires loss for you, or desires gain for you?” In fact, God is Informed of what you do
Exposes the insincerity of opportunistic desert Bedouins who refused to accompany the Prophet's peaceful pilgrimage to Hudaybiyyah, offering hollow excuses about tending livestock, when in reality they assumed Muslims would be slaughtered by the Quraysh and never return.
Transliteration
Bal thanantum an lan yanqaliba alrrasoolu waalmuminoona ila ahleehim abadan wazuyyina thalika fee quloobikum wathanantum thanna alssawi wakuntum qawman booran
Translation
But you thought that the Messenger and the believers will never return to their families, and this seemed fine to your hearts; and you harbored evil thoughts, and were uncivilized people
Transliteration
Waman lam yumin biAllahi warasoolihi fainna aAAtadna lilkafireena saAAeeran
Translation
He who does not believe in God and His Messenger—We have prepared for the disbelievers a Blazing Fire
Transliteration
Walillahi mulku alssamawati waalardi yaghfiru liman yashao wayuAAaththibu man yashao wakana Allahu ghafooran raheeman
Translation
To God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth. He forgives whomever He wills, and He punishes whomever He wills. God is Forgiving and Merciful
Transliteration
Sayaqoolu almukhallafoona itha intalaqtum ila maghanima litakhuthooha tharoona nattabiAAkum yureedoona an yubaddiloo kalama Allahi qul lan tattabiAAoona kathalikum qala Allahu min qablu fasayaqooloona bal tahsudoonana bal kanoo la yafqahoona illa qaleelan
Translation
Those who lagged behind will say when you depart to collect the gains, “Let us follow you.” They want to change the Word of God. Say, “You will not follow us; God has said so before.” Then they will say, “But you are jealous of us.” In fact, they understand only a little
Transliteration
Qul lilmukhallafeena mina alaAArabi satudAAawna ila qawmin olee basin shadeedin tuqatiloonahum aw yuslimoona fain tuteeAAoo yutikumu Allahu ajran hasanan wain tatawallaw kama tawallaytum min qablu yuAAaththibkum AAathaban aleeman
Translation
Say to the Desert-Arabs who lagged behind, “You will be called against a people of great might; you will fight them, unless they submit. If you obey, God will give you a fine reward. But if you turn away, as you turned away before, He will punish you with a painful punishment.”
Transliteration
Laysa AAala alaAAma harajun wala AAala alaAAraji harajun wala AAala almareedi harajun waman yutiAAi Allaha warasoolahu yudkhilhu jannatin tajree min tahtiha alanharu waman yatawalla yuAAaththibhu AAathaban aleeman
Translation
There is no blame on the blind, nor any blame on the lame, nor any blame on the sick. Whoever obeys God and His Messenger—He will admit him into gardens beneath which rivers flow; but whoever turns away—He will punish him with a painful punishment
Transliteration
Laqad radiya Allahu AAani almumineena ith yubayiAAoonaka tahta alshshajarati faAAalima ma fee quloobihim faanzala alsakeenata AAalayhim waathabahum fathan qareeban
Translation
God was pleased with the believers, when they pledged allegiance to you under the tree. He knew what was in their hearts, and sent down serenity upon them, and rewarded them with an imminent conquest
A celebrated scriptural tribute to the companions at Hudaybiyyah: God explicitly announces His eternal pleasure ('Ridwan') with the fourteen hundred believers who pledged allegiance beneath the tree, promising them inner serenity and an imminent conquest (the fortress of Khaybar).
Transliteration
Wamaghanima katheeratan yakhuthoonaha wakana Allahu AAazeezan hakeeman
Translation
And abundant gains for them to capture. God is Mighty and Wise
Transliteration
WaAAadakumu Allahu maghanima katheeratan takhuthoonaha faAAajjala lakum hathihi wakaffa aydiya alnnasi AAankum walitakoona ayatan lilmumineena wayahdiyakum siratan mustaqeeman
Translation
God has promised you abundant gains, which you will capture. He has expedited this for you, and has restrained people’s hands from you; that it may be a sign to the believers, and that He may guide you on a straight path
Prophesies the swift economic relief and spoils awaiting the community at the upcoming Battle of Khaybar, rewarding their patience and discipline during the diplomatic negotiations of Hudaybiyyah.
Transliteration
Waokhra lam taqdiroo AAalayha qad ahata Allahu biha wakana Allahu AAala kulli shayin qadeeran
Translation
And other things, of which you were incapable, but God has encompassed them. God is Capable of everything
Transliteration
Walaw qatalakumu allatheena kafaroo lawallawoo aladbara thumma la yajidoona waliyyan wala naseeran
Translation
If those who disbelieve had fought you, they would have turned back and fled, then found neither protector nor helper
Transliteration
Sunnata Allahi allatee qad khalat min qablu walan tajida lisunnati Allahi tabdeelan
Translation
It is God’s pattern, ongoing since the past. You will never find any change in God’s pattern
Transliteration
Wahuwa allathee kaffa aydiyahum AAankum waaydiyakum AAanhum bibatni makkata min baAAdi an athfarakum AAalayhim wakana Allahu bima taAAmaloona baseeran
Translation
It is He who withheld their hands from you, and your hands from them, in the valley of Mecca, after giving you advantage over them. God is Observer of what you do
Recalls an undercover dawn ambush at Hudaybiyyah: a squad of up to eighty armed Meccans crept into the Muslim encampment to provoke war. The Muslims captured them completely unharmed, and the Prophet ﷺ graciously pardoned and released them all, proving his commitment to peace.
Transliteration
Humu allatheena kafaroo wasaddookum AAani almasjidi alharami waalhadya maAAkoofan an yablugha mahillahu walawla rijalun muminoona wanisaon muminatun lam taAAlamoohum an tataoohum fatuseebakum minhum maAAarratun bighayri AAilmin liyudkhila Allahu fee rahmatihi man yashao law tazayyaloo laAAaththabna allatheena kafaroo minhum AAathaban aleeman
Translation
It is they who disbelieved, and barred you from the Sacred Mosque, and prevented the offering from reaching its destination. Were it not for faithful men and faithful women, whom you did not know, you were about to hurt them, and became guilty of an unintentional crime. Thus God admits into His mercy whomever He wills. Had they dispersed, We would have punished those who disbelieved among them with a painful penalty
Reveals the divine wisdom behind halting military conflict at Hudaybiyyah: there were numerous secret Muslim converts residing in Mecca who had not yet migrated. An armed invasion of Mecca would have resulted in Muslims unintentionally killing their own hidden brothers and sisters in the confusion of battle.
Transliteration
Ith jaAAala allatheena kafaroo fee quloobihimu alhamiyyata hamiyyata aljahiliyyati faanzala Allahu sakeenatahu AAala rasoolihi waAAala almumineena waalzamahum kalimata alttaqwa wakanoo ahaqqa biha waahlaha wakana Allahu bikulli shayin AAaleeman
Translation
Those who disbelieved filled their hearts with rage—the rage of the days of ignorance. But God sent His serenity down upon His Messenger, and upon the believers, and imposed on them the words of righteousness—of which they were most worthy and deserving. God is aware of everything
Exposes the petty tribal arrogance ('Hamiyyat al-Jahiliyyah') of the Meccan negotiator Suhayl ibn Amr, who obstinately refused to let the treaty open with 'In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful' or include the title 'Messenger of Allah,' insisting instead on pre-Islamic formulas.
Transliteration
Laqad sadaqa Allahu rasoolahu alrruya bialhaqqi latadkhulunna almasjida alharama in shaa Allahu amineena muhalliqeena ruoosakum wamuqassireena la takhafoona faAAalima ma lam taAAlamoo fajaAAala min dooni thalika fathan qareeban
Translation
God has fulfilled His Messenger’s vision in truth: “You will enter the Sacred Mosque, God willing, in security, heads shaven, or hair cut short, not fearing. He knew what you did not know, and has granted besides that an imminent victory.”
Validates the Prophet's prophetic dream: promises that believers would indeed enter the Sacred Mosque in Mecca in total safety, with shaved and trimmed heads in fulfillment of pilgrimage rites—a promise triumphantly fulfilled the following year during the Compensatory Umrah ('Umrat al-Qada').
Transliteration
Huwa allathee arsala rasoolahu bialhuda wadeeni alhaqqi liyuthhirahu AAala alddeeni kullihi wakafa biAllahi shaheedan
Translation
It is He who sent His Messenger with the guidance and the religion of truth, to make it prevail over all religions. God suffices as Witness
Transliteration
Muhammadun rasoolu Allahi waallatheena maAAahu ashiddao AAala alkuffari ruhamao baynahum tarahum rukkaAAan sujjadan yabtaghoona fadlan mina Allahi waridwanan seemahum fee wujoohihim min athari alssujoodi thalika mathaluhum fee alttawrati wamathaluhum fee alinjeeli kazarAAin akhraja shatahu faazarahu faistaghlatha faistawa AAala sooqihi yuAAjibu alzzurraAAa liyagheetha bihimu alkuffara waAAada Allahu allatheena amanoo waAAamiloo alssalihati minhum maghfiratan waajran AAatheeman
Translation
Muhammad is the Messenger of God. Those with him are stern against the disbelievers, yet compassionate amongst themselves. You see them kneeling, prostrating, seeking blessings from God and approval. Their marks are on their faces from the effects of prostration. Such is their description in the Torah, and their description in the Gospel: like a plant that sprouts, becomes strong, grows thick, and rests on its stem, impressing the farmers. Through them He enrages the disbelievers. God has promised those among them who believe and do good deeds forgiveness and a great reward
The majestic concluding portrait of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and his companions: firm against injustice yet overflowing with mutual compassion and mercy, their foreheads bearing the subtle, luminous marks of prostration. The verse cites their ancient descriptions in the Torah and the Gospel as a flourishing green shoot that grows into a mighty, fruitful tree.