Marriage

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to us, "O young men, those of you who can support a wife should marry, for it (marriage) controls the gaze and preserves one from immorality. And whoever cannot (marry) should fast, for it is a means of reducing the sexual desire."

The Prophet (ﷺ) praised Allah, extolled Him and said, "Yet I pray and sleep; I fast and break my fast; and I marry women. He who is displeased with my Sunnah (practices) is not my followed."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to command us to marry and sternly forbid celibacy and say, "Marry women who are beloved (due to their good characteristics), prolific in bearing children, for I shall outnumber the Prophets by you on the Day of Resurrection."

The aforesaid Hadith has a supporting narration reported by Abu Dawud. an-Nasa'i and Ibn Hibban from Ma'qal bin Yasar's Hadith.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A woman is married for four qualities, for her wealth, her family status, her beauty and her religion: so get the religious one and prosper."

When the Prophet (ﷺ) congratulated a man on his marriage he would say, "Allah bless for you (your spouse), grant you blessing, and join you together in goodness."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) taught us Tashahhud in case of some need, which is: "Praise is due to Allah, Whom we praise and from Whom we ask help and forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of ourselves. He whom Allah guides has no one who can lead him astray, and he whom He leads astray has no one to guide him. I testify that there is nothing deserving of worship except Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger." He (then) recites three Verses.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "When one of you proposes (marriage) to a woman, if he is able to look at what will induce him to marry her, he should do so."

The aforesaid Hadith has a Shahid (supporting narration) reported by at-Tirmidhi and an-Nasa'i from al-Mughirah.

It also has a Shahid (supporting narration) reported by Ibn Majah and Ibn Hibban from the Hadith of Muhammad bin Maslamah.

The Prophet (ﷺ) asked a man who had intended to marry a woman, "Have you looked at her" He replied, "No." He said, "Go and look at her."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "No one of you should ask a woman in marriage when his brother has done so already, until the one who has proposed (to her) before him gives her up, or gives him permission."

A woman came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger, I came to offer myself to you (in marriage)." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) looked her up and down (carefully), and then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) lowed his head. When the woman saw that he had not made any decision regarding her she sat down. A man of his companions then stood up and said, "O Allah's Messenger, if you have no need for her, marry her to me." He asked, "Do you have anything (to give her as dowry)?" He replied, "No, I swear by Allah, O Allah's Messenger." He thereupon said, "Go to your family and see if you can find something." He went and then returned and said, "No, I swear by Allah I found nothing." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then said, "Look for something, even if it should be an iron ring." He went and then returned and said, "No, I swear by Allah, O Allah's Messenger, not even an iron ring; but I have onl this lower garment of mine - - and I shall give her half of it." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then said, "What will she do with your lower garment? For if you wear it, there would be nothing of it on her, and if she wears it, there would be nothing of it on you." The man then sat down and when he had sit for a long time he stood up and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saw him departing, so he commanded him and he was called back. When he came back, he said, "What do you have (i.e. memorized) from the Qur'an?" He replied, "I have Surat such and such and Surat such and such," he counted them. He then asked "Can you recited them by heart?" He replied, "Yes." He said, "Go, for I have given her to you in marriage for the part of the Qur'an which you know." Another narration has: "Go for I have given her to you in marriage, so teach her some of Qur'an." A narration by al-Bukhari has: "I have married her to you for the part of the Qur'an which you know."

He asked, "What have you memorized?" He replied, "Surat al-Baqarah and the one that follows it." He then said. "Get up and teach her twenty Verses."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Make marriage publicly known."

"There is no marriage without a guardian."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone married without the consent of her guardian, her marriage is invalid. If there is cohabitation, she is entitled to the dowry, due to the sexual intercourse made lawful with her. If there is a dispute (between her guardian), the ruler is the guardian of one who has no guardian."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A previously married woman must not be married till she is consulted, and a virgin must not be married till her consent is asked." They asked, "O Allah's Messenger, how is her consent indicated?" He replied, "It is by her silence."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A woman who has been previously married has more right over her person than her guardian, and a virgin must be consulted, and her consent is silence."

"A guardian has no authority over a woman who has been previously married,; and an orphan girl must be consulted."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A woman may not give a woman in marriage, nor may she give herself in marriage."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) prohibited Shighar, which means that a man gives his daughter in marriage on condition that the other gives his daughter to him in marriage without any dowry being paid by either.

And they both agreed that the explanation of the meaning of Shighar is the saying of Nafi'.

A virgin girl came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and mentioned that her father had married her against her will, so Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) allowed her to exercise her choice.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If two guardians have given a woman in marriage, she marries the man she was first married to."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Any slave who marries without the permission of his masters or owners is (like) a fornicator."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A man must not join together (in marriage to him) a woman and her paternal aunt or a woman and her maternal aunt."

Allah's Messneger (ﷺ) said: "One who is in Ihram may not marry, or be given in marriage." . In another narration by him it says: "He should not ask someone's hand in marriage."

"nor give someone in engagement (to be married)."

The Prophet (ﷺ) married Maimunah (RA) when he was in the state of Ihram (during pilgrimage).

"The Prophet (ﷺ) married her when he was not in the state of Ihram."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The most worthy conditions to be fulfilled are those by which you make sexual intercourse lawful for yourselves (in marriage)."

In the year of Autas, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) permitted Mut'a (temporary marriage) for three nights, then he prohibited (afterwards).

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade Mut'a (temporary marriage) in the year of Khaibar.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) cursed the man who made a woman lawful for her first husband and the one for whom she was made lawful (the men involved in Halalah).

al-Arba'a except an-Nasa'i reported something related to this matter, on the authority of 'Ali (RA).

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A man guilty of fornication, who has been flogged (for it), should not marry any but a woman like him (similarly guilty)."

A man divorced his wife by three pronouncements and another man married her and divorced her before cohabiting with her. Then, her first husband intended to remarry her and asked Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) about that. He said, "No, until the other one (second husband) has enjoyed sexual intercourse with her as the first (husband) had."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The Arabs are equal to one another and the Mawali (Non-Arabs, and originally former slaves) are equal to one another, except a weaver or a cupper."

It has a supporting narration reported by al-Bazzar from Mu'adh bin Jabal with a Munqati' (broken) chain.

The Prophet (ﷺ) told her, "Marry Usamah."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "O Sons of Bayada', marry to Abu Hind (someone of your women) and marry from his women (i.e. his daughters), (even though) he was a cupper.

Barirah was given her choice regarding her husband (to remain with him or separate) when she was freed.

"Her husband was a slave."

"He was a free man." The first (narration) is more well established.

"...that he was a slave".

I said, "O Allah's Messenger, I have accepted Islam and I am married to two sisters." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)then said, "Divorce whichever of them you wish."

Ghailan bin Salamah accepted Islam and he had ten wives who accepted Islam along with him. So, the Prophet (ﷺ) commanded him to, "Choose four of them."

The Prophet (ﷺ) returned his daughter Zainab (RA) to Abul-'Aas bin ar-Rabi' (RA) based upon the first marriage, after six years (of separation), and he did not perform a new marriage.

The Prophet (ﷺ) returned his daughter Zainab (RA) to Abul-'Aas (RA) by a new marriage.

A woman had accepted Islam and then re-married, so her (previous) husband came and said, "O Allah's Messenger, I had accepted Islam and she knew that I had done so." So Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) took her away from her second husband and returned her to her first one.

'Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) married al-'Aaliyah of Banu Ghifar. When she entered in his presence and he removed her clothes, he saw whiteness (of leprosy) around her waist area and the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Put on your clothes and return to your family." He ordered her dowry to be given to her. . In its chain of narrators, is Jamil bin Zaid, who is Majhul (an unaccredited narrator). There is also a great difference of opinion as to who was his Shaykh.

'Umar bin al-Khattab (RA) said: "If any man married a woman and after sleeping with her finds that she is affected with leprosy or insane, she gets her dowry (if he divorces her) for having intercourse with her, and it is returned to him from the one who has deceived him with her."

"And (if) she has something like a horn (Qarn) (coming out of her vagina), her husband then has the right to divorce her or keep her. And if he had intercourse with her, she gets her dowry for the intercourse her husband has had."

'Umar (RA) gave a decree regarding a husband who is impotent that he must be given delay for one year.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "He who has intercourse with a woman through her anus is accursed."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Allah will not look at a man who has intercourse with a man or a woman through the anus."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "He who believes in Allah and the last Day should not harm his neighbor; and take my advice regarding good treatment of women, for they were created from a rib. And indeed the most crooked part of the rib is its upper part. If you attempt to straighten it, you will break it, and if you leave it alone it will remain crooked. So, take my advice regarding good treatment of women."

"So if you enjoy her you will do so while crookedness remains in her; but if you attempt to straighten her you will break her, and breaking her is divorcing her."

We were with the Prophet (ﷺ) on an expedition. Then, when we arrived at al-Madinah and were about to enter he said, "Wait so that you may enter by night - i.e. in the evening in order that the woman with disheveled hair may comb it and the woman whose husband has been away may shave her pubic hairs (getting ready for her husband)."

"When one of you has been away from home for a long time, he must not come to his family during the night."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The worst of people in position before Allah on the Day of Resurrection is the man who has intercourse with his wife, and she with him, and then spreads her secrets."

I asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what are the rights of a wife of one of us on her husband?" He replied, "You should give her food when you eat, clothe her when you clothe yourself, not strike her on the face, and do not revile her or desert her except within the house."

The Jews used to say, "When a man has intercourse with his wife through the vagina, but from her back side, the child will be squint-eyed." Then, the Verse came down: "Your wives are a tilth to you, so come to your tilth however you wish ."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone who intends to have intercourse with his wife says, 'In the Name of Allah. O Allah, keep us away from the devil and keep the devil away from what You have provided us (of children)', should it be ordained that a child be born to them thereby, Satan will never harm it."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "When a man calls his wife to come to his bed (for marital relations), and she refuses to come, and he spends the night in anger, the angels curse her till the morning."

"He Who is in heaven is displeased with her till her husband is pleased with her."

"The Prophet (ﷺ) cursed the woman who joins false hair to her real hair and the one who asks for it to be done to her; and the woman who tattoos (others) and the one who has it done (for her).

I was with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) along with some people when he was saying, "I have intended to prohibit Ghila (sexual intercourse with a woman who is breast-feeding), but I considered the Romans and the Persians and saw that they engaged in Ghila without any injury being caused to their children thereby." Then they asked him about 'Azl (withdrawing the penis before emission of semen, to avoid conception), and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "That is the secret (way of) burying alive."

A man said, "O Allah's Messenger, I have a slave-girl and I withdraw the penis while having intercourse with her ('Azl). I dislike that she become pregnant, but I want (from her) what a man wants (from a woman). And the Jews say - withdrawing the penis to avoid conception is the minor (form of) burying alive." He replied, "The Jews told a lie, for if Allah intended to create it you would not be able to turn it away."

In the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) when the Qur'an was being revealed, we used to engage in 'Azl. Hence, if it had been something forbidden, the Qur'an would have forbade us from doing it.

"That (which we were doing) reached the Prophet (ﷺ) and he did not forbid us from doing it."

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to have intercourse with his wives (one after another), with a single bathing.

The Prophet (ﷺ) set Safiyah (RA) free, and made her freedom her dowry.

I asked 'Aishah (RA), "How much had Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) given as dowry?" She replied, "His dowry to his wives was twelve Uqiya and Nashsh." She asked, "Do you know what a an-Nashsh is?" I replied, "No." She said, "It is half an Uqiya. Hence, the total was five hundred Dirhams, and that was Allah's Messenger's (ﷺ) dowry to his wives."

When 'Ali (RA) married Fatimah (RA) Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to him, "Give her something (as dowry)." He replied, "I have nothing." He said, "Where is your Hutamiya coat of mail?"

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If any woman marries for a dowry, a gift, or a promise before contracting the marriage, it belongs to her. As for whatever is fixed to her after contracting the marriage, it belongs to whomever it has been given. The most worthy gift a man is honored with is what he gets on account of (the marriage of) his daughter or sister."

He was asked about a man who had married a woman and had not fixed a dowry for her. And he did not consummate (the marriage) with her till he died. Ibn Mas'ud replied, "She should receive a dowry similar to what the women of her community receive without decrease or increase. She must observe the 'Iddah period (of waiting before re-marrying and is entitled to a share of the inheritance." Ma'qil bin Sinan al-Ashja'i then got up and said, "Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ruled the same as your ruling regarding Birwa', daughter of Washiq, a woman of our tribe." Ibn Mas'ud was delighted with it. Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah (RA): The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If anyone gives as a dowry to a woman some flour or dates, he has made her lawful for himself."

The Prophet (ﷺ) gave his approval of the marriage of a woman for two sandals as a dowry.

The Prophet (ﷺ) married a man to a woman for a dowry of an iron ring.

It is a portion of the long Hadith preceding in the beginning of the Book of Marriage.

The dowry should not be less than ten Dirhams.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The best dowry is that which is most easy."

'Amrah (RA) daughter al-Jaun sought refuge (in Allah) from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) when she was brought in to him - meaning when he married her - and he said, "You have sought refuge in the One Worthy of seeking refuge in." Then he divorced her, and commanded Usama who gave her three garments as a gift (i.e. dowry).

The origin of the aforesaid story is found in the Sahih of al-Bukhari from Abu Usaid as-Sa'idi's Hadith.

The Prophet (ﷺ) saw the trace of yellow color on 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Auf (RA) and asked, "What is this?" He replied, "O Messenger of Allah, I have married a woman for a Nawat weight (equal to one weight of a date-stone) of gold." He said. "May Allah bless you! Hold a wedding feast, even if with a sheep (only)."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "When one of you is invited to a wedding feast he must attend it."

"When one of you invites his brother, he must respond (i.e. attend), whether it is a wedding or something similar."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The worst kind of food is that at a wedding feast from which those who come (i.e. the poor) are turned away, and to which those who refuse (i.e. the rich) are invited. If anyone does not accept an invitation he has disobeyed Allah and His Messenger."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), "When one of you is invited (to a meal) he must accept. If he is fasting he should pray (i.e. make supplication for the host) and if he is not fasting he should eat."

"If he wishes he may eat, and if he wishes he may leave (the food alone)."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The food of Walima on the first day is a duty, that on the second day is a Sunnah, while the third is showing off. Whoever (does something) to show-off, Allah will expose him (in the Hereafter)."

This Hadith also has a supporting narration collected by Ibn Majah on the authority of Anas (RA).

The Prophet (ﷺ) held a wedding feast for one of his wives with two Mudd of barley.

The Prophet (ﷺ) stayed three nights between Khaibar and al-Madinah when he consummated his marriage with Safiya (RA). I called the Muslims to his wedding feast which did not include bread or meat. He just ordered some leather dining sheets to be spread, and dates, sun-baked yogurt and butter were thrown on them.

"When two people come together to issue an invitation, accept that of the one whose door is nearer to you. However, if one of them comes before the other, accept the invitation of the first."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "I do not eat Muttaki'an (sitting with support of something, so as to eat more)."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to me, "Dear child, mention Allah's Name, eat with your right hand, and eat from what is next to you."

The Prophet (ﷺ) was brought a dish containing Tharid and said, "Eat from its side and not from the middle, for the blessing descends in the middle of it."

Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) never found fault with food (served to him). If he liked anything, he ate it and if he did not like it he left it.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not eat with the left hand, for the devil eats with the left hand."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "When one of you drinks, he must not breathe into the vessel."

"or blow into it,"

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to divide visits to his wives equally and say, "O Allah, this is my division concerning what I possess, so do not blame me concerning what You possess and I do not."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Anyone who has two wives and inclines to one of them will come on the Day of Resurrection with a side (of his body) inclining."

It is from the Sunnah that when a man who has a wife marries a virgin, he should spend with her seven nights, and thereafter divide time between them (equally). And if he marries a formerly married woman he should spend with her three nights and thereafter divide the time between his wives (equally).

When the Prophet (ﷺ) married her he stayed with her for three nights and said, "You are not being humbles in my estimation. If you wish I shall stay with you seven nights, and if I stay with you for seven nights I shall do the same with my other wives."

Sauda (RA) daughter of Zam'ah gave away her day to 'Aishah (RA). So the Prophet (ﷺ) allotted a share to 'Aishah (RA) of her day and Sauda's.

'Aishah (RA) said: "O my nephew, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) would not prefer some of us over others regarding the division of the time he would spend with us. It was very rare that he would not visit us all, and come near each of his wives without having intercourse with her, till he reached the one whose day it was, and spent the night with her."

"When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) offered the 'Asr (afternoon) prayer, he would visit his wives in turn, then come close to them (kiss or hug them)."

During the illness of which Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) died, he was asking, "Where shall I be tomorrow?" He desired that it would be 'Aishah's day. His wives therefore permitted him to stay where he wished, and he stayed in 'Aishah's house.

When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) intended to go on a journey, he cast lots among his wives. Then, he would take with him the one who was chosen by the lot.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "None of you should whip his wife like the whipping of a slave."

The wife of Thabit bin Qais came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger, I do not find fault with Thabit bin Qais (RA) in respect of character or religion, but I dislike (and fear) that I might commit an act of Kufr fil-Islam (that which is contradictory to Islamic behavior)." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) asked her, "Will you give him back his garden?" And she replied, "Yes," so Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to him, "Accept the garden and divorce her, with one pronouncement (of divorce)."

"He commanded him to divorce her."

"The wife of Thabit bin Qais got a divorce from him in return for a compensation (paid by her), and the Prophet (ﷺ) made her 'Iddah (period of waiting before re-marrying) one menstruation course."

"Thabit bin Qais was very unattractive and his wife said, 'Were it not for the fear of Allah, when he entered my presence I would spit in his face.'"

Ahmad reported from Sahl bin Abu Hathma's Hadith that it was the first ever husband and wife separation for compensation in Islam.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The lawful thing which Allah hates most is divorce."

In the time of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), he divorced his wife while she was menstruating, so 'Umar asked Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) about that and he replied, "Command him to take her back and keep her till she is purified (from menses), has another period, and is then purified. If he then wishes he may keep her and if he wishes he may divorce her before having intercourse with her. That is the 'Iddah (period of waiting) which Allah commanded for the divorce of women."

"Command him to take her back, then divorce her when she is pure from the menstrual discharge, or pregnant."

"It was regarded as one divorce."

"Ibn 'Umar (RA) said: 'If you had only made one or two pronouncements of divorce . Indeed Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) commanded me to take her back, then keep her till she has another period, then give her a reprieve till she is purified, then divorce her before having intercourse with her. As for you, you have divorced her with three pronouncements (at once), and have therefore disobeyed your Rabb (your Lord, the Creator) concerning what He commanded you regarding divorcing your wife.'"

"Abdullah bin 'Umar (RA) said: 'So he returned her to me and did not regarded it as anything, and said: When she is purified, either divorce her or keep her.'"

In the time of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), Abu Bakr (RA) and the first two years of the caliphate of 'Umar (RA), the three pronouncements of divorce were regarded as one divorce. So 'Umar said, "People have made haste in an affair which they are required to take slowly. What if we execute it on them." So, he executed it on them.

WHen Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was informed about a man who had divorced his wife with all three pronouncements (without any interval between them), he stood up in anger and said, 'Is Allah's Book being played with while I am among you?" As a result a man got up and said, "O Allah's Messenger, shall I kill him?"

Abu Rukana divorced Umm Rukana. So Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) told him, "Take your wife back." And he replied, "I have divorced her with three pronouncements." He said, "I have understood, take her back."

Abu Rukana divorced his wife with three pronouncements, in one sitting. Then, he was grieved about her and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) told him, "They (the three pronouncements) are reckoned as a single (utterance of divorce)."

"Abu Rukana divorced his wife Suhaimah irrevocably and said, 'I swear by Allah that I meant it to be only a single utterance of divorce,' so the Prophet (ﷺ) returned her to him."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "There are three things which, whether undertaken seriously or in jest, are treated as serious: marriage, divorce and taking back a wife after a divorce which is not final."

"Divorce, emancipation and marriage."

"It is not permissible to play in three things: divorce, marriage and emancipation. Therefore, whoever pronounce (either of) them, they certainly become binding."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Allah, the Most High, has forgiven my followers what they contemplate on within themselves (i.e. evil thoughts) as long as they do not act upon or speak about them."

The Prophet (ﷺ)) said: "Allah, the Most High, has overlooked my follower's mistakes and forgetfulness, and what they are forced to do against their will."

"If anyone makes his wife unlawful for himself - it is nothing." He said, "Indeed you have a good example in Allah's Messenger."

"When a man makes his wife unlawful for himself, it is (treated like) an oath for which atonement must be made (if broken)."

When the daughter of al-Jaun was admitted into the presence of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and he went near her, she said, "I seek refuge in Allah from you." He replied, "You have sought refuge in the Supreme , return to your family."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "There is no divorce except after marriage, and no freeing (of a slave) till one has possession (of one)." [Reported by Abu Ya'la and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic), but it is Ma'lul (containing a hidden defective).

Ibn Majah reported a similar narration, on the authority of al-Miswar bin Makhramah, and its chain of narrators is (or appears to be) Hasan (good), but it is also Ma'lul (hidden defect)].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "No descendant of Adam may make a vow concerning something he does not possess, or set free (a slave) that he does not possess, or divorce (a woman) whom he does not possess (in marriage)."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There are three people whose actions are not recorded, a sleeping person till he awakes, a child till he is a grown up, and an insane person till he is restored to reason or recovers his sense."

He was asked about a man who divorces his wife, then takes her back without taking witnesses (on either). So he replied, "Get witnesses on her divorce, and on her return."

When he divorced his wife the Prophet (ﷺ) said to 'Umar, "Command him to take her back."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) swore that he would stay away from his wives for a period. He made something unlawful (for himself) (i.e. something not in itself unlawful). So, he made the lawful unlawful, and he made atonement for breaking an oath.

When a period of four months elapses, the one who swears to stay away from his wife must be made to return to her or divorce her, and the divorce is not valid till the husband himself pronounces it.

I met thirteen or more of the Companions of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), all of them made the one who swears to stay away from his wife, return to her or divorce her (at the end of the period).

The swearing to stay away from one's wife in al-Jahiliyyah era was for one or two years. Then, Allah appointed a period of four months for it. So, if it is less than four months, it is not swearing to stay away from one's wife.

A man had vowed to make his wife like his mother (i.e. forbidden for him). Then he had intercourse with her, so he went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "I had intercourse with her before making the atonement." He replied, "Do not go near her till you do what Allah has commanded you to do." Reported by al-Arba'a. at-Tirmidhi graded it Sahih (authentic) but an-Nasa'i held that the stronger view is that it is Mursal (missing link after the Tabi'i)].

"Make atonement and do not repeat it."

When the month of Ramadan came, I feared lest I would have intercourse with my wife. So, I vowed az-Zihar (the she was like my mother). Then, one night something of her was uncovered to me and I had intercourse with her. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) afterwards said to me, "Set a slave free," and I replied, "I do not possess one (that I can free)." He said, "Then fast two consecutive months." I replied, "Have I fallen into that which I have fallen into except due to fasting!?" He said, "Feed sixty poor people with an 'Araq (basket) of dates."

So-and-so asked and said, "O Allah's Messenger, what do you think if one of us finds his wife committing adultery, how should he act? If he talks he would talk about a grievous affair, and if he keeps silent he would keep silent about something similar (a grievous affair)." He gave no answer. Afterwards he came to him (ﷺ) and said, "I have been afflicted with the very problem which I had asked you about." Then Allah revealed the verses of Surat an-Nur (the Light). He then recited them to him and exhorted, admonished and informed him that the punishment of this world is easier than that of the Hereafter. He said, "No, by Him Who sent you with the Truth, I have not lied against her." He then summoned the woman and exhorted her in the same way. She said, "No, by Him Who sent you with the Truth, he is a liar." He began with the man; and he (the man) bore witness four times with an oath by Allah; he then did the same with the woman, then he separated them.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to the two who were invoking curses regarding one another, "Your reckoning is in Allah's Hands for one of you is lying. You cannot remarry her." He (the man) said: "O Allah's Messenger, what about my property (dowry)?" He replied, "If you have spoken the truth, it is the price of your having had the right of intercourse with her, and if you have lied against her, it is even more remote for you (to get it back) from her."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Observe her, and if she gives birth to a child which is white complexioned with dark hair, her husband would be its father. But if she gives birth to a child with eyes looking as if they have antimony (Kuhl) in them and curled hair, the man whom her husband charged her with committing adultery is its father."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ordered a man to put his hand on his mouth when he came to the fifth pronouncement and said, "It would be the deciding one."

When they finished invoking curses regarding one another the man said, "I shall have lied against her, O Allah's Messenger, if I keep her (as a wife)." He, then, pronounced her divorce three times, even before Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) commanded him to do so.

A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "My wife rejects no hand of a man who wished to touch her." He said, "Banish her." He replied, "I am afraid my soul may desire her." He said, "Then enjoy her."

He said, "Divorce her." He replied "I can not endure the desire for her." He said, "Then keep her."

He heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say, when the Verse (24:6) about invoking curses came down, "Any woman who brings into a family one who does belong to it, is not an observer of Allah's (religion), and Allah will not admit her into His Paradise. Likewise, Allah will veil Himself from any man who disowns his child while he knows that is his child, and will humiliate him in the presence of the first and last (creatures)."

If anyone acknowledges that he is the father of his child just for the blinking of an eye, he has no right to disown it."

A man said, "O Allah's Messenger, my wife has given birth to a black son." He asked, "Have you any camels?" He replied, "Yes." He asked, "What is their color?" He replied, "They are red." He asked, "Is there a dusky (dark) one among them?" He replied, "Yes." He asked, "How has that come about?" He replied, "It is perhaps a strain to which it has reverted (i.e. heredity)." He said, "It is perhaps a strain to which this son of yours has reverted."

"He did not permit him to disown him"

Some nights after her husband's death, Subai'ah al-Aslamiyah (RA) gave birth to a child. Then she went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and asked permission to marry. He gave her permission and she married.

Its basic meaning is found in the two Sahih books of al-Bukhari and Muslim.

"She gave birth to a child after forty nights of her husband's death."

az-Zuhri said, "I think there is no harm if she marries when she is still bleeding (due to child-birth), but her husband should not go near her till she is purified."

Barirah was ordered to wait till three menstrual periods of hers have passed (before she could remarry).

"She has no right to accommodation or maintenance."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A woman must not observe her mourning for more than three nights for the one who has died, except for the four months and ten days in the case of her husband; and she must not wear a dyed garment except one of the type made of 'Ash (dyed yarn) or apply Kuhl (antimony), or apply perfume, except for a little Qust or Azfar, when she has been purified after her menstruation."

"nor be dyed (with Henna and the like)."

"nor comb (her hair)."

I put Sabir (a type of medicine) on my eyes after Abu Salamah (RA) had died. So Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "It gives the face a glow, so apply it only at night and remove it in the day time, and do not comb (your hair) with scent or henna, for it is a dye." I asked, "What should I use when combing (my hair)?" He replied, "You should use lote-tree leaves."

A woman said: "O Allah's Messenger, my daughter's husband died and her eye is troubling her, so may we apply Kuhl (antimony) to it?" He replied, "No."

My maternal aunt was divorced and wanted to cut down fruit from her paml-trees. A man forbade her to go out, so she went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said, "Certainly, cut down fruit from your palm-trees, for perhaps you have give Sadaqah (charity) or do an act of kindness." 1121. Narrated Furai'ah, daughter of Malik: Her husband had gone out in search of some slaves of his and they killed him. She said, "I asked Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) to be allowed to return to my family, for my husband had not left for me a house which belonged to him, nor had he left me maintenance." He then said, "Yes, (I agree)," but when I was in the courtyard, he called me and said, "Stay in your house till the prescribed period expires." She said, "I observed the period in it for four months and ten days." She said, "Afterwards 'Uthman gave judgements in accordance with that."

I said, "O Allah's Messenger, my husband has divorced me by three pronouncements (of divorce) and I am afraid that I may get broken into. Hence, he commanded her, and she moved (to another house)."

"Do not confuse us about our Prophet's Sunnah: The period that a slave-woman, whose master dies, and she has begotten a child from him must wait for, is four months and ten days."

al-Aqra' is the period of a woman's purity (which occurs between two menses).

The divorce of a slave-woman occurs by saying it (the divorce word) twice, and her 'Iddah (waiting period) is two menses.

He reported it as Marfu' (a saying of the Prophet) and graded it Da'if (weak).

Abu Dawud, at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah reported the aforesaid Hadith from the narration of 'Aishah (RA), which al-Hakim graded as Sahih (authentic), but the Hadith scholars disagreed with him, and they agreed that it is Da'if (weak).

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "It is not lawful for a man who believes in Allah and the Last Day to water what another person has sown."

She should wait for four years and then observe the 'Iddah for four months and ten days (before she may remarry).

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The spouse of a lost husband remains his wife till she gets a certain news about his death."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A man must not spend the night in the house of woman unless he is her husband or a Mahram."

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A man must not be alone with a woman except in the presence of a Mahram."

Narrated Abu Sa'id (RA)" The Prophet (ﷺ) said in regard to the captives taken at Autas, "There must be no intercourse with a pregnant woman till she gives birth, or with one who is not pregnant till she has had one menstrual period."

The aforesaid Hadith has a supporting narration from Ibn 'Abbas (RA) reported by ad-Daraqutni.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The child (born out of wedlock) belongs to the one on whose bed it is born, and stoning to death is for the fornicator."

The aforesaid Hadith is also a part of 'Aishah's Hadith in the course of a story.

And from Ibn Mas'ud by an-Nasa'i.

And from 'Uthman by Abu Dawud.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "One or two sucks do not make (marriage) unlawful."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Be sure (you women) who your brothers are, for suckling is that which is the result of hunger (i.e. when milk is the child's only food)."

Sahlah (RA) daughter of Suhail (RA) came and said, "O Allah's Messenger, Salim the manumitted slave of Abu Hudhaifah lives with us in our house; and he has attained what men attain (i.e. puberty)." He said, "Suckle him so you would become unlawful to him (in marriage)."

Aflah (her foster suckling uncle), brother of Abul-Qais, came and asked her permission to enter after the Hijab (was instituted for women). She said, "I refused to allow him in and when Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came, I told him about what I had done, so he commanded me to give him permission to enter where I am and said, 'He is your paternal uncle.'"

In what was sent down in the Qur'an was 'ten known sucklings made marriage unlawful'. Afterwards, they were abrogated by 'five known ones.' Then, when Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) died these words were among what was recited in the Qur'an.

The Prophet (ﷺ) was offered to marry the daughter of Hamzah. He said, "She is unlawful to me for she is the daughter of my brother in suckling; and what is unlawful by reason of blood relationship is unlawful by reason of suckling relationship."

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The suckling that makes marriage unlawful is that which reaches the intestines (i.e. nourishes the child), and is taken before (two years) time of weaning."

Suckling applies only (to infants) during the first two years (of their life). [Reported by ad-Daraqutni and Ibn 'Adi as Marfu' (a saying of the Prophet) and Mawquf (a saying of a Companion). However, they both held that the stronger view is that it is Mawquf (i.e. saying if Ibn 'Abbas).

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The only suckling (to be considered) is that which gives life to the bones and causes flesh to grow."

He married Umm Yahya, daughter of Abu Ihab, and a woman came and said, "I have suckled both of you." So he asked the Prophet (ﷺ) and he replied, "How (can you hesitate) while it has been said (that you are foster brothers and sisters)?" 'Uqbah therefore separated from her and she married another husband.

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade that a stupid woman may be asked to suckle an infant.

Hind daughter of 'Utbah - wife of Abu Sufyan - came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger, Abu Sufyan is a miser who does not give me and my sons enough maintenance, except what I take from his wealth without his knowledge. Is there any blame on me for doing this?" He replied, "Take from his wealth what is reasonable and enough for you and your sons."